tips for studying pharmacology

Friends here i am giving some tips to remember pharmacology classifications etc..use for your studies byee......

Gynaecomastia-causing drugs

DISCOS

Digoxin

Isoniazid

Spironolactone

Cimetidine

Oestrogens

Stilboestrol

    Morphine: side-effects

MORPHINE

Myosis

Out of it ...sedation

Respiratory depression

Pneumonia...aspiration

Hypotension

               Infrequency...constipation, urinary retention

Nausea

Emesis

Etoposide: action, indications, side effect

eTOPoside

Action

Inhibits TOPoisomerase II

Indications

Testicular carcinoma

Oat cell carcinoma of lung

Prostate carcinoma

Side effect

Affects TOP of your head, causing alopecia

Medication administration: short checklist

TRAMP

Before dispensing medication, ensure have correct

Time

Route

Amount

Medication

Patient

Pupils in overdose: morphine vs. amphetamine

MorPHINE: Fine. AmPHETamine: Fat

Morphine overdose: pupils constricted ..fine

Amphetamine overdose: pupils dilated ..fat

Nitrofurantoin: major side effects

NitroFurAntoin

Neuropathy..peripheral neuropathy

Fibrosis..pulmonary fibrosis

Anemia..hemolytic anemia

Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine

eDrophonium is for Diagnosis
pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms


Lithium: side effects
LITHIUM

Leukocytes Increased...leukocytosis
Tremors
Hypothyroidism
Increased Urine
Moms beware...teratogenic



Respiratory depression inducing drugs
STOP breathing

Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins



Parkinsonism: drugs
SALAD

Selegiline
Anticholinenergics...trihexyphe nidyl, benzhexol, ophenadrine
L-Dopa + peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor ...carbidopa, benserazide
Amantadine
Dopamine postsynaptic receptor agonists ...bromocriptine, lisuride, pergolide

Inhalation anesthetics
SHINE

Sevoflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Enflurane
· If want the defunct Methoxyflurane too, make it MoonSHINE.



Warfarin: interactions
ACADEMIC QACS

Amiodarone
Cimetidine
Aspirin
Dapsone
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Indomethacin
Clofibrates
Quinidine
Azapropazone
Ciprofloxacin
Statins



Steroids: side effects
BECLOMETHASONE

Buffalo hump
Easy bruising
Cataracts
Larger appetite
Obesity
Moonface
Euphoria
Thin arms & legs
Hypertension/ Hyperglycaemia
Avascular necrosis of femoral head
Skin thinning
Osteoporosis
Negative nitrogen balance
Emotional liability


Teratogenic drugs
W/ TERATOgenic

Warfarin
Thalidomide
Epileptic drugs: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Retinoid
ACE inhibitor
Third element: lithium
OCP and other hormones...eg danazol



Sulfonamides: common characteristics
SULFA

Steven-Johnson syndrome/ Skin rash / Solubility low
Urine precipitation/ Useful for UTI
Large spectrum...gram positives and negatives
Folic acids synthesis blocker...as well as synthesis of nucleic acids
Analog of PABA



Beta-1 vs Beta-2 receptor ********
You have 1 heart and 2 lungs

Beta-1 are therefore primarily on heart
Beta-2 primarily on lungs

Amiodarone : action, side effects
six P's

Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism

TB: antibiotics used
STRIPE

STreptomycin
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrizinamide
Ethambutol

Sodium valproate: side effects

VALPROATE

Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia
Retention of fats...weight gain
Oedema ...peripheral oedema
Appetite increase
Tremor
Enzyme inducer...liver

Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions
ABCDE

Asthma
Block...heart block
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte ...hyperkalemia

Beta 1 selective blockers
"BEAM ONE up, Scotty"

Beta 1 blockers
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol

Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers
"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" 
(because he has a runny nose)

Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol

Methyldopa: side effects
METHYLDOPA

Mental retardation

Electrolyte imbalance

Tolerance

Headache/ Hepatotoxicity

psYcological upset

Lactation in female

Dry mouth

Oedema

Parkinsonism

Anaemia...haemolytic

Hypertension: treatment

                                                        ABCD

ACE inhibitors/ AngII antagonists...sometimes Alpha agonists also
Beta blockers
Calcium antagonists
Diuretics...sometimes vasoDilators also

Enoxaprin (prototype low molecular weight heparin): action, monitoring

EnoXaprin only acts on factor X
Monitor Xa concentration, rather than APTT

Anesthesia: 4 stages
"Anesthesiologists Enjoy S & M"

Analgesia
Excitement
Surgical anesthesia
Medullary paralysis

SSRIs: side effects
SSRI

Serotonin syndrome
Stimulate CNS
Reproductive dysfunctions in male
Insomnia